In class short essay- cl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In class short - cl - Essay Example ankine, opens a record of easygoing bigotry that is conveyed in the second individual in an extraordinary casual move where the utilization of â€Å"you† by the speaker is liquid. In a large portion of the cases, it is simply the speaker, however in certain occurrences, it includes the peruser or an alternate character with frequenting results. The beautiful structure in this work can be considered as an appearance of the separation that is apparent in American lives with respect to undetectable bigotry and different viewpoints. In the sonnet Brain on ice, footing like â€Å"terrorized† and â€Å"horror† depict a savage and energetic disposition in the view of the storyteller on the El Train, with the line â€Å"Of being looted, wounded, raped† sharpening the superimposed topic of the sonnet (Warr). The portrayal of the sonnet begins with a record of the El Train involvement in the storyteller making himself the fear based oppressor in the perspective on others paying little mind to being intrinsically blameless. What makes the sonnet intriguing is the way that it doesn't have an anticipated heading and its language makes open analogies including the vacant seat that it alludes to as â€Å"undefiled seat† (Warr). The seat isn't grimy since in the musings of the creator, all the contemplative people and pulled back travelers will see the person who sits on it as being conceivably filthy. Dread is typically illogical and dependent on a lacking of information, and the artist knows ab out this just as the way that people can't get away from it. Then again, operating at a profit Tar, as Son and Jadine meet up, the inclusion isolates the impressions just as self-trickeries that were holding together the world just as how individuals related with one another at the domain. They venture back to the US to look for a spot where they will have a feeling of having a place just with find that their homes have show disdain toward for one another. The writer writes in what can be considered as dark vernacular while getting interesting expressions and expressions that are elite to the network where she was

Government in a Marine essays

Government in a Marine expositions A marine came into our group on Thursday to address us about his encounters on war and his assessments of war. The marine was a spotter for the marine center and he had parts to state about joining the center and what the necessities are. He had been in the center for around 10 years so he had parts to share. I thought his introduction was exceptionally enlightening and I was attentive all through his discourse. In this paper, I will respond his introduction with remarks about the marine center, the encounters the marine had, and reality with regards to war behind the mass of the media. The marine center is one of the most noteworthy qualified activist gatherings in the United States. The marines are required to complete obligations from securing the president to racing into a nation or city and bombarding it to pieces. They are the most exceptional aggressor bunch on the planet with the most noteworthy accessible innovation to take care of business. On the off chance that you are sufficiently favored to turn into a marine, you could be one of the 100,000 United States residents who are lucky enough to join the marines. In contrast to the military, naval force and flying corps, the marines do everything. Everything from catching war lawbreakers to killing pioneers and shelling nations. There isn't a vocation that is to large for the marines. They are prepared to become slaughtering machines and they don't endure individuals who impede them. With the United States being a super force, and the marine center being the best in the U.S., in the midst of emergency, the en tire world relies upon the marines to carry out their responsibility and to settle on the correct choices at the correct occasions. The marine said that they don't possess energy for bigotry and disdain towards one another in light of the fact that when they are on the front line, everybody is a sibling and everybody needs to keep an eye out for one another. As a marine, you are vowed to keep your missions classified, and you are not permitted to talk about your missions among your family nor companions. The marine imparted his sentiments to us ... <!

10 Simple Phrases That Keep You in Love

10 Simple Phrases That Keep You in Love November 23, 2019 Hybrid Images/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse When a relationship is new, both of you are seeing the world through rose-colored glasses. Everything is fresh and new. As you look at each other, you see someone who is exciting and perfect. Even the world around you seems brighter and happier than it did before you found each other. In that “new” stage of a relationship, it’s easy to say loving things to each other. Those sweet words come naturally when you are together, and then via text or phone at all hours of the day and night when you are apart. Over time, however, things start to change. Challenges occur, flaws emerge. The rose-colored glasses come off and reality sets in. This is when love begins to morph a bit. In this more established stage of love (ideally, the longest part of your relationship), saying loving things toward each other takes a bit more effort. Love takes more effort, but practice makes perfect! As you weather storms together in life, you develop a deeper love and appreciation for each other than ever before. 10 Things to Say to Your Partner to Keep Your Love Alive If you’ve been out of that “new” stage for a while and want to support the development of a deeper, more mature love, look no further. One of the best things you can do for your marriage or relationship is to practice saying these little phrases as often as possible. You Look Great As you both grow older, compliments  can mean more than ever since wrinkles and extra pounds tend to increase with each passing year. If you can say, “You look great!” what you are actually saying is, “Im still physically attracted to you.” So with each passing year, your spouse will know that you still enjoy their outer as well as their inner beauty. Thank You After a couple has been together for a while, it’s normal for them to take each other for granted. We come to expect the other person to fulfill his or her role without asking and without noticing when they’re done well. “Thank you” are the two simplest words to say, but also the most important. When you say this, what you are indeed saying is, “I appreciate everything you do for me.” Your partner will feel good that you noticed and took the time to say so. I Think You’re Amazing When we choose to be with someone for years and years, sometimes we think that the other person must magically know what we think. After all, we would not spend so much time together if we didn’t think about the world of the other person, right? It’s time to vocalize those thoughts. Tell your partner, “I think you’re amazing.” What you are really saying is, “I think youre a good person and I love being with you.” I Love You Anyway When your spouse makes a mistake, it can be hard on both of you. But what you say in that moment will have a lasting impact on your relationship. When you say, “I love you anyway,” what you are really saying is, “regardless of the mistake, I will still love you.” Even as adults, we need to hear that we are loved, despite the fact that we will sometimes make bad choices or do the wrong thing. We’ll Get Through It Weathering the storm can mean a lot of things for couples: enduring a death, going through financial difficulties, losing a job, major health issues and so much more. The important thing is to make sure your partner feels your love through it all. When you say, “We’ll get through it,” you are really saying, “We are a team, and I’m on your side.” Yes, I’d Love To Maybe going to the theatre isn’t your thing, or you aren’t particularly wild about going to sporting events. But if your significant other loves those things, then it’s time to show your support. Saying “Yes, I’d love to,” really says, “I support you and want to share what you like.” Your support shows you love them enough to set aside what you want to do to put your spouse first. I Understand When love matures, spouses really get to know each other, inside and out. We watch each other and notice things over time. As we experience life together, we find out what makes each other tick. Perhaps your significant other tells you about a problem with work. Because of your history together, you know how this makes him or her feel. Saying “I understand,” really says, “I get you.” It’s a comfort to know that someone gets you without even really having to explain your feelings. Having this connection is fundamental to long-lasting love and marriage. What Can I Do for You? One of the most basic definitions of love is putting another’s needs before our own. We may find this really easy to do for our children, but sometimes we forget to do it for our spouse. Try to remember to ask your spouse, “What can I do for you?” which says, “I want to support you and lessen your burden.” Sacrificing your time for something your spouse needs will strengthen your bond. I’m Here for You One of the best parts of being a couple is always having someone to lean on. Remind your spouse that he or she can always count on you. Tell them, “I’m here for you,” which actually says, “I’m your partner in life.” Being partners mean you are equals and that you stick up for each other and always have each other’s backs. I Love You   So simple, but so often overlooked. These three words should be said to your partner every day. These words confirm your care and devotion. When you say “I love you,” what you are really saying is, “From now until eternity, you are my one and only and you’ll never be alone.” A Word From Verywell Do not let one day pass without saying loving things like these to your partner. Always make sure your spouse feels appreciated, validated, safe and secure with you. Pick several of these short phrases to say every day, and soon you’ll both feel more loving towards each other.

What Did The Stolen 3 Generation Affected The Australian...

Background: During the 1890’s and 1970’s, Indigenous Australians did not have equal rights as the ‘white’ Australians and were treated callously, anguished and tortured due to their race. The Stolen Generation was the event where children, who were of an Australian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent, were removed from their families. Many Indigenous children were forcefully removed from their families, never being able to see them again. The treatment towards the Indigenous Australian’s was horrific, as these children were taken away from their community, placed into an institution to be changed into the ‘white’ ways of doing things whilst being treated with brutality in the procedure. To demonstrate to what extent did the Stolen 3 Generation affected the Australian population several key areas of the will be examined. This includes; what was the Stolen Generation, when did the Stolen Generation start and when did it end, what was the caus e of the Stolen Generation. how did the Stolen Generation affect the Indigenous Australians and the non – Indigenous Australians and how significant was the event to Australian History. Once these aspects have been observed, it will become clear that the affect of the Stolen Generation to the Australian population was a significant part of the Rights and Freedoms movement which change the way the Indigenous population were recognised in our society. What was the Stolen Generation? The Stolen Generation was the event whereShow MoreRelatedWork Effectively with Aboriginal and / or Torres Strait Islander People1300 Words   |  6 PagesIslander people 1. How many years ago, is it estimated, that the shape of Australia’s coastline was defined? †¢ 6000 years ago 2. In what year did the Dutch first explore Australia’s coastline? †¢ 1606 3. In what year did they proclaim Botany bay as a penal colony? †¢ 1788 4. What disease in 1789 affected the Aboriginal population? †¢ Small pox 5. What happened to Aboriginal land in 1794? †¢ Aboriginals were dispossessed of their land 6. Describe the law relating to aborigines in 1816Read MoreAboriginal People Are A Steady Beating Heart At The Centre Of Our Australian Spiritual Identity2669 Words   |  11 PagesAboriginal people are a steady beating heart at the centre of our Australian spiritual identity. -CAROLINE JONES The participation and full engagement of all students in education is a ‘key factor affecting the life chances of all Australians’ (Buckley Armstrong, 2011, p. 62). It is clear from current statistical information, that participation and eventual success in educational studies is particularly vital for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who among us all have the lowest level ofRead MoreThe Colonisation Of Australia By Jordan T. Sharp2179 Words   |  9 PagesNSW criminal and civil courts. The question of land ownership in NSW of the Aboriginal people and their land wasn’t considered until the mid-1830, when John Batman signed two treaties with the Kulin People to purchase 600,000 acres of land between what is now Melbourne and the Bellarine Peninsula. Responding to the treaties created and other arrangements between free settlers were indigenous people around Camden Sir Richard Bourke issued a proclamation. Bourke established the notion that the landRead Mor eSocial Determinants of Health10939 Words   |  44 Pages3 The Social, Cultural and Historical Context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians PatDudgeon,MichaelWright,YinParadies, DarrenGarveyandIainWalker OVERVIEW To understand the contemporary life of Indigenous Australians, a historical and cultural background is essential. This chapter sets the context for further discussions about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and issues related to their social and emotional wellbeing and mental health. The historyRead MoreStrategic Audit Ford7675 Words   |  31 Pagescontents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Strategic Issues of Ford 4 3.0 The External Environment 5 3.1 PESTEL Analysis 5 3.1.1 Political Environment 5 3.1.2 Economic Environment 6 3.1.3 Social Environment 7 3.1.4 Technological Environment 7 3.1.5 Natural environment 8 3.1.6 Legal Environment 8 3.2 The Industry Porters’ Five Model 9 3.2.1 Buyer’s Power - Moderate 9 3.2.2 Suppliers’ Power - Low 10 3.2.3 Threat of New Entrants - Low 11 3.2.4 Threat of Substitutes – Slightly ModerateRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages441 441 CASE STUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in theRead MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pagesthan in Japan.[2] Mining in 19th century South Wales is a case study of how an economy can come to rely on one form of business.[3] Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canadas most important. Contents * 1 Agriculture * 2 List of countries by agricultural output * 3 See also * 4 References * 5 Further reading | [edit] Agriculture Economic sectors | Three-sector hypothesis | Primary sector:Read MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words   |  199 Pagessetting prices in markets. The prices set on eBay are no different. The sellers on eBay are the people who list the products for sale. This represents supply. The buyers on eBay are the people who make the bids and they represent demand. They say what they are prepared to pay for a product by making a bid online. At the end of the time period set by the seller, the product is sold to the highest bidder. If there are lots of bidders this means that demand is high and the price will be driven upRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagespermission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamView Pro  ® are registered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of AppleRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesany way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer

Analysis Of The Negro Question And John Stuart Mill

Carlyle and Mill And Their Differences Of Opinion On Nature, Agriculture, and Humanity Thomas Carlyle’s Occasional Discourse On The Negro Question and John Stuart Mill’s responding essay, The Negro Question, primarily deal with the implications of a liberated black population in the West Indies. However, the texture of their respective arguments lends itself to rhetoric of nature and agriculture. Carlyle and Mill could not see humanity’s relationship with nature more differently. Due to different understandings of humanity’s relationship with nature, Carlyle and Mill’s evaluation of agricultural productivity varies, thus informing their representation of blacks in the West Indies. Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill†¦show more content†¦Instead, Mill derives satisfaction from nature’s action, citing its â€Å"spontaneous activity† as the source of his enjoyment. In this sense, it could be suggested that Mill sees the betterment of humanity as tethered to the betterment in nature, as increased action from nature provides increased satisfaction to humanity. Unlike Carlyle, this sets up humanity’s relationship with nature as mutual, if not subservient. To Mill, it is essential that humanity aids and works with nature, rather than extract from it. The differences in Carlyle and Mill’s understandings of nature reflect themselves in their represented approaches to agriculture in Occasional Discourse On The Negro Question and The Negro Question, respectively. Carlyle sees agriculture as the system capable of producing items that are valuable to humans. Mill, on the other hand, recognizes agriculture as an ongoing and hopefully mutually beneficial relationship between earth and human. Their differences in opinions are best represented in their respective treatments of commodities and land use. Throughout the Occasional Discourse Carlyle harps on the shame of cultivating pumpkins. In fact, there is a moment in the text when Carlyle uses the phrase â€Å"merely pumpkinish† as a means to belittle the efforts of the West Indies farmers. Instead of pumpkins, Carlyle seeks commodities of bright, blaring, obvious value from the West Indies. He emphasizes that â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedRacism And Slavery During The 19th Century2451 Words   |  10 Pagescultures and nationalities? Racial epithets such as nigger certainly existed in the nineteenth century but were applied to a much larger portion of humanity than those who had African ancestors. These were the questions that Norman asked that Gretchen didn’t. Gretchen wanted to answer the questions that Norman asked however it still left a hole in history, why did this racism come about. Gretchen tried to answer that by stating it was to replace the issue of slavery for those who couldn’t comprehendRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pagesfunctioning as a female is not enough to define woman, if we decline also to explain her through the eternal feminine, and if nevertheless we admit, provisionally, that women do exist, then we must face the question: what is a woman? 1 Franchise, dead today. 2 To state the question is, to me, to suggest, at once, a preliminary answer. The fact that I ask it is in itself significant. A man would never get the notion of writing a book on the peculiar situation of the human male.2 But ifRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesmusic recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement

Araby Interpretive James Joyce Free Essays

Araby Araby is a short story about a young boy that falls in love that has little or no experiences on the subject he in turn gets to feel for himself some of the follies that come along with it. Firstly we see the awkwardness the boy demonstrates around his crush. This boy who remains nameless throughout the story we see follow around a girl and spy on her, this in my books isn’t a great way to get the ladies, but on the other hand he is just a boy and the story took place over one hundred years ago so I’m thinking this might have been ok back then so I guess I’ll give him a break. We will write a custom essay sample on Araby Interpretive James Joyce or any similar topic only for you Order Now Next they finally meet late at night in a dark room by chance and the young boy is speechless can’t even remember what he says at first when the girl asks if he’s going to Araby, but he does vow on bringing something back for her. I’d say that’s reasonable, something I have done for a girl I liked, I have also been painfully nervous around a crush so I can relate. Now he’s on a mission putting all the parts in play, he gets permission to attend Araby, then the promise of funding from his uncle to complete the task at hand to win his loves heart. He’s ready to go got everything in order but something doesn’t go right and his uncle comes home awfully late, but the boy pushes to go no matter what he’s made up his mind and he’s going something all of us can relate to at one point or another. Finally getting off the train alone he arrives at Araby, he makes is way to the market only to find most of the booths closed he approaches one but sees only English tea sets and pottery, shortly after that the lights go out and he stands there in the dark feeling angry and disappointed. I think he was just wasn’t mature enough to deal with the situation he was out of his element at Araby, he should be in church, school or playing, he’s too young to be concerned about this kind of stuff, but at least now he’s learned a lesson that love its tough and things don’t always go the way you plan, we have all been there and it sucks and even though what happened to this boy is tiny on the grand scale of relationships it can still hurt. How to cite Araby Interpretive James Joyce, Essay examples

Tactile Memory free essay sample

An overview of Tactile Memory Tactile memory is part of sensory memory systems and it is the recollection of information acquired via touch. It is one of the primitive sensory codes that are used as interacting familiar objects. It is not only important to interact with familiar objects but it is also necessary to interact with novel objects with similar size. Traces of tactile information is similar to iconic memory in terms of duration of the trace since it lasts for a short time and it is vulnerable to decay after almost two seconds (Gallace, amp;Spence, 2009). One of the earliest experimental studies on tactile memory was conducted by Bliss, Crane, Mansfield, and Townsend (1966). In this study, they investigated the characteristics of immediate recall for brief tactile stimuli applied to the hand. The results obtained showed a haptic memory store remarkably similar to the visual memory store. Similar to tests of visual sensory memory, it was also found that haptic memory performance was significantly improved with the use of partial report procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on Tactile Memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a recent study, Gallace and Spence (2009) also verified these findings. According to Bliss and colleagues, the difference between partial report and whole report is the result of a sensory form of memory for passively presented tactile stimuli with a high capacity and short duration. Furthermore, Gilson and Baddeley (1969) argued that memory for stimuli applied to the skin is resilient for approximately ten seconds after removal of the stimulus, even when the individual is engaged in tasks that inhibit verbal rehearsal. After this delay, the memory trace becomes vulnerable to forgetting as it decays from the haptic memory store and begins to rely on a more central memory store. Although tactile memory representations can be thought as similar to visual representations in nature but there are significant differences between these two different memory systems in terms of processing and neural anatomy. Easton, Srivinas, and Greene (1997) showed that there is an innate difference between visual and tactile memory representations. In their study, they presented their participants with an object either in visual or tactile forms. In the study, the participants viewed a sphere but they could not touch it. After that, the participants were given a similar shape but they could not see it. The results of the study indicated that the participants’ performance was worse as they were judging size differences in visual form compared to that in tactile form. It is suggested that this is because the participants’ processing in visual form resulted in more variance in terms of object size due to influences, such as perspective and distance. Nero-anatomy of Tactile Memory Tactile memory is widely organized in the somatosensory cortex. The information signals received by body surface goes to the areas that are close together on the brain surface. Various areas of the  parietal lobe  are responsible for contributing to several aspects of tactile memory. Memory for the features of a stimulus including its roughness, spatial density, and texture result in activation of the parietal operculum. On the other hand, features of a stimulus, such as size and shape are detected by touch receptors in the skin. These signals are maintained in the anterior part of the parietal lobe. In addition to features of the stimulus, memory for spatial information such as the location of stimulusactivates the right  superior parietal lobule  andtemporoparietal junction (Gallace, amp;Spence, 2008). There are several studies investigating neural correlates of tactile memory. In one study, Harris, Harris, and Diamond (2001) assess the contribution of topographically organized neural areas to tactile working memory. In order to investigate neural correlates of tactile working memory, they presented their participants with vibrations in different frequencies. The participants were asked to compare the frequency of two vibrations. The vibrations were presented to either the same fingertip or to different fingertips. The retention interval between vibrations was at various lengths. The results of the study indicated that participants performed well if their task was to compare vibrations delivered either the same finger or to corresponding fingers on opposite hands. However, their performance was lower when the vibrations were implemented on distant finger on either hand. These results demonstrate that tactile working memory mechanism organized in topographical framework. In another experiment, Harris and colleagues (2001) presented vibrations to the same fingertip but they added an interference vibration to the retention interval. Participants’ task was again to compare the frequencies of two vibrations by ignoring interference vibration in retention interval. The results showed that the interpolated vibration impaired performance especially if it is delivered to the same finger as the comparison vibrations. The effect was smaller if the vibrations were delivered to more distant fingers. This finding verified the previous finding suggesting that tactile working memory is supported by topographically organized regions of somatosensory cortex. In a similar vein, Numminen et al. (2004) investigated tactile information in brief intervals. Rather than longer interval durations, the study investigated the brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in short inter-stimulus intervals. Participants were presented with triplets of pressure pulses to the second and fourth fingers of the left hand. After a brief interval, a second triplet was presented. In â€Å"compare† task, participants were asked to give feedback by finger lift if the triplets were same. The experiment also included a â€Å"control† task. The control task was same as the compare task but infrequent stimuli applied to the little finger to which the participants reacted. There were different inter-stimulus intervals. The activation in the brain areas as a result of participants’ efforts in recognizing, maintaining and comparing tactile triplets in compare and control conditions showed the related brain areas. The results of the study demonstrated that activation in inferior parietal cortex, supplementary motor area, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was enhanced during the compare task compared to the activations in the control task. It seems that the activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is the result of an attempt to memorize the stimulus sequence. The activation in supplementary motor area and inferior parietal cortex is the result of an effort to analyze temporospatial tactile patterns and haptic exploration. The comparison task itself required a high effort and it resulted in an enhanced activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus. All in all, the results suggested that these areas revealed a task-specific activation. The process engaged in comparison task is common with normal processing of tactile stimuli and therefore, it can be said that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area and inferior parietal cortex are involved in processing tactile stimuli. Another line of research focuses on the separation between and integration of spatiovisual and tactile memory systems. As previously mentioned, although tactile memory representations can be thought as similar to visual representations in nature but there are significant differences between these two different memory systems in terms of processing and neural anatomy. Saito et al (2003) used fMRI to assess the neural substrates for tactile-visual cross-modal matching. The task used in the experiment involved tactile – visual matching of two-dimensional shapes. The participants performed four tasks. TT task required a tactile – tactile matching with no visual stimulus, TTv task required a tactile – tactile matching with visual stimuli, VVt task required a visual – visual matching with tactile stimuli, and TV task required a tactile – visual matching. It was expected that the neural substrates for tactile and visual shape matching were enhanced during tasks requiring matching of information coming from different sensory modalities, which are visual, and tactile modalities compared to the task requiring a matching within the same modality. The results of the study showed that TT task activated the following areas: contralateral primary sensory motor area, post-central gyrus superior parietal lobules, anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus, thalamus, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area but there was no occipital involvement since there was no visual part in the task. Visual matching task, on the other hand, activated primary visual cortex, lingual and fusiform gyri. However, the tasks required cross-modal effort resulted in enhanced activation in the posterior intraparietal sulcus bilaterally. This means that shape information coming from different modalities may be integrated in this region, the posterior intraparietal sulcus. These findings lead researchers to cross-modal integration between visual-spatial and tactile information. On the other hand, the study explained above used only 2D (two-dimensional) objects. However, using 3D (three-dimensional) stimuli may be more similar in real life situation. Using 3D stimuli may also enable to investigate a 3-way cross-modal integration that is the integration between visual – spatial-tactile modalities. In the present study, it aimed to investigate the cross-modal integration of visual-spatial-tactile information by using 3D stimuli and its neural correlates by utilizing fMRI. Method Participants Ten healthy volunteers participated in this study. Eight of them were right handed and other two were left-handed. There was no history of neurological and psychiatric illness in any of the subjects. The ethical committee of Yeditepe University approved the protocol and all subjects gave their written informed consent for the study. Matching Task For the tactile–tactile, visual–visual, or tactile–visual matching tasks, we used patterns of cube, rectangular parallelepiped, and cone. We used two cubes with different sizes – one’s edge was 3,5 cm and the other one’s edge was 5 cm. We also used a rectangular parallelepiped which had a long edge for 5 cm and short edge for 3,5 cm and last edge was 5 cm again. Lastly, we used 3 types of cone – one’s height was 5 cm, one’s height was 3,5 cm and last oblique cone’s height was 5 cm. Each pattern had one or three lobule on the surface, which can be noticeable either with tactilely or visually. The subjects performed four different tasks: a tactile–tactile matching task with no visual input (TT), a tactile–tactile matching task with visual input (TTv), a visual–visual matching task with tactile input (VVt), and a tactile–visual matching task (TV). One task was performed in each fMRI sessions. Each task session was repeated twice, and thus, each subject completed eight sessions. The presentation order of the eight sessions was counterbalanced. Prior to the fMRI session, the subjects were trained for the tactile discrimination task. For the TT task, subjects were asked to place their right hand in a supine position. Their left hand was placed on the button, which was connected to a microcomputer for recording their responses. The subjects closed their eyes throughout the session. During the task period a cube (Figure 1) was manually placed on the subject’s right palm. The subjects were required to explore the surface and edges of the cube with right hand’s fingers for 7 seconds. Then, participants had another 7 seconds to explore the pair of the pattern before gave his/her response to the question â€Å"were they same? If the participant thinks they were same, then he/she used left index finger, if they weren’t same then he/she used left middle finger to push a button. After they responded, they were all allowed to drop the pattern. For the TTv task, the procedure was identical to the TT task except that additional visual 3D stimuli were presented simultaneously. The visual stimulation was projected using a television screen. The subjects through a mirror viewed the screen. It was confirmed that the subjects were not able to see their right hand. During the task periods, the tactile and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously for 7 seconds, then, pairs of patterns were presented visually and tactilely for another 7 seconds, followed by a response. The subjects responded by pushing a button with the left index finger if the tactile pair-wise pattern were the same, or with the middle finger if the pattern were different, irrespective of the visual stimuli.